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2020高考 | 高考冲刺语法梳理(十三):主谓一致

2020-02-14 16:48

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主谓一致

I要点
 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。
 1、语法上一致
 (1)、以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,主语为复数时,谓语用复数,如,
 To work hard is necessary for a student.
 (2)、用and或both……and连接的并列主语,谓语动词用复数,如,
 Both he and I are right.
 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
 (3)、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等,谓语动词仍用单数,如,
 The teacher as well as his students is excited.
 (4)、某些不定代词,如做主语,谓语动词要用单数,如:Everyone has a book.
 (5)、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,如,A lot of people are dancing outside.
 2、意义上一致
 (1)、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,如,
 Twenty years is not a long time.
 (2)、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词用复数,如,
 People are talking about the accident.
 (3)、有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数,如指其中每个成员,则用复数,如,
 My family is a big one.
 My family are watching TV.
 3、邻近一致
 用连词or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致,如,
 Either you or I am mad.

II.例题
 例1、The chemical works _______  where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
 A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built
 解析:该题答案为A。works形式上是复数,意思上是单数,因此谓语动词用单数,类似的还有news, maths, politics, physics.
 例2、They each _______  a copy of the new physics.
 A. have B. has C. having D. gets
 解析:该题答案为A。They each不等于each of …, each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如each of the students hands in their homework,而they each作主语,谓语要随each前面的词来变化。

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