（六）短语动词

I． 要点
　英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

　（１） 动词＋介词
　常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
　Don't laugh at others.
　I didn't care about it.

　（２） 动词＋副词
　常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：
　You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
　Please don't forget to hand it in.

　（３） 动词＋副词＋介词
　常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
　All his money added up to no more than $100.
　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

　（４） 动词＋名词＋介词
　常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
　You should pay attention to your handwriting.
　We should make full use of our time.

　（５） 动词＋形容词
　常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
　The prisoners were set free.
　He cut it open.

　（６） 动词＋名词
　常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
　This story took place three years ago.
　I make friends with a lot of people.

　（7）辨析
　give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up（放弃，停止）
　put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （扑灭）
　turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打开）
　keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不让靠近）
　make up（编造，补上） 和 make out（辨认）
　take off（脱，起飞） 和 take out（拿出）
II． 例题

　例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

　解析：该题正确答案为Ａ。意为"存"；keep up意为"继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。

　例２ Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
　A touch B relation C connection D friendship

　解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。

　例３ ____! There's a train coming.
　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

　解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。