虚拟语气

I．要点
　表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

　１、虚拟语气的构成

　注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　２、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

　（１）在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。

　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
　　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
　　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　（２）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　（３）在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　（４）在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.

　（５）在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或
　"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：
　It's time that we went ( should ）go to school.

II．例题

　例１We had hoped that he ____ longer.
　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

　解析：该题正确答案为Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

　例２"Mary wants to see you today".
　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
　A comes B came C should come D will come

　解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。

　例３Had she been older, she ____ it better.
　A had done B might have done
　C might do D would do

　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为Ｂ。