1-1 对立法：先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法

[1]. When asked about....., the vast majority of people say that ....... But I view a bit differently.

[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others claim that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements, but I tend to the latter(后者;(二者中)后者的) ...

[3]. Now, it is commonly acknowledged that .... They claim that ... But I wonde r whether.....

1-2 现象法：引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论

[1]. Recently the rise inphenomenon of ... has aroused public worldwide concern.

[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of ...has been brought into focus.

[3].Inflation(通货膨胀)/Corruption(贪污 腐败)/Social inequality(不平等) ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face constantly.

1-3 观点法：开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

[1]. Now people in significant numbers are coming to realize that...

[2]. Now there is a growing awareness of the necessity to......Now people become increasingly conscious of the importance of ......

[3]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude that.......

1-4 引用法：先引出名人名言或有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点

[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .

"Education is not complete with graduation.(学无止境)" Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.

[2]."........." How often we hear such statements like thoses /this .

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......"