新东方老师给大家提供2009年考研英语阅读理解Part A Text 1的详细解析，供大家参考！

2009年考研英语阅读理解Part A Text 1

Text 1

①Habits are a funny thing. ②We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. ③“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. ④In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.

①So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. ②But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

①Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. ②In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.

①But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. ②Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

①“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. ②“But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” ③She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. ④A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

①All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. ②Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally （or collaboratively） and innovatively. ③At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

①The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. ②“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms. Markova’s business partner. ③“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. ④Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” ⑤This is where developing new habits comes in.

21. In Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is characterized by being __________.

      [A] casual                                       [B] familiar

      [C] mechanical                                   [D] changeable

22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be __________.

      [A] predicted                                  [B] regulated

      [C] traced                                       [D] guided

23. The word“ruts”（Para. 4） is closest in meaning to __________.

      [A] tracks                                       [B] series

      [C] characteristics                              [D] connections

24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that __________.

      [A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind

      [B] innovativeness could be taught

      [C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

      [D] curiosity activates creative minds

25. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing __________.

      [A] prevents new habits from being formed

      [B] no longer emphasizes commonness

      [C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode

      [D] complies with the American belief system

【答案速查】

21. C      22. D      23. A      24. D      25. A     

【试题透析】

21. C

[解题思路] 根据题干的关键词Wordsworth以及habits，将本题定位于第一段句③Not choice，but habit rules the unreflecting herd，这句引文表明了华兹华斯对于习惯的看法，他指出，习惯支配着不善于思考的人们，原文中的unreflecting（不反思的，不思考的）说明了在习惯状态之下人们的行为特点：不加思考地沿用旧有模式行事，同时也说明了华兹华斯对习惯持否定态度。本段句②也指出，习惯养成之后，我们任由大脑自动导航，无意识地进入常规惯例带来的舒适的放松状态。这两句话相辅相成，都表明了习惯的特点——模式化、程式化。四个选项中与此意思相近的只有选项[C]mechanical（机械的），故选项[C]为答案。

[干扰排除] 选项[A]casual（随意的；偶然的）在文中没有类似的表述，故排除。第一段句②We reach for them...familiar routine指出，我们不知不觉地养成习惯，无意识地进入常规惯例带来的放松状态，这里的familiar是修饰routine的，表示常规惯例为我们所熟悉，而不是修饰habits的，故选项[B]排除。句④In the ever-changing 21st century中的ever-changing是修饰名词21st century的，选项[D]changeable的干扰设置即由此而来；从文中可知，习惯的特点是固定化的，与changeable的意思正相反，故排除。

22. D

[解题思路] 根据关键词Brain researchers和the formation of new habits定位至第二段和第三段。第二段句②指出，大脑研究者发现当我们有意识地培养新习惯时（when we consciously develop new habits），脑中新建立的路径和新的细胞会使思路跳转到新轨道上，由此可知，新习惯的养成是一种有意识的活动，是可以通过引导完成的。接着，第三段句①指出，我们可以有意识地培养新习惯来主动作出改变（by consciously developing new habits）。四个选项中，只有选项[D]guided（可以被引导）最符合文意，故选项[D]正确。

[干扰排除] 关于新习惯的养成过程，文中并没有提到其为“可以预测的”或者“可以规范的”，故排除选项[A]和[B]。选项[C]是利用第二段句②...new, innovative tracks设置的干扰，文中的tracks为名词，意为“轨道；轨迹”，表明大脑生成的新路径，它出现在新的习惯形成之后，所以无从推出选项[C]。

23. A

[解题思路] 第四段句①once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain...指出，一旦旧的ruts of procedure在脑中形成，就很难消除。接着句②the new habits...create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads指出，新的习惯会绕过旧路径形成新路线，由此可知，those old roads与前文的those ruts of procedure相对应，ruts和roads是同义关系。四个选项中，只有选项[A]tracks（路径；痕迹）与roads以及ruts的意思最接近，故选项[A]正确。

[干扰排除] 本文多次将“习惯”比喻成“道路”，比如，在第二段句②中，作者将新习惯的养成过程比喻成create parallel paths，将新习惯比喻成new, innovative tracks；在第四段句②中，再次将新习惯比喻成create parallel pathways，将旧习惯比作those old roads；由此可知，文中的“ruts”也应该具有类似的意思，而选项[B]series（系列）、[C]characteristics（特征）和选项[D]connections（联系）都与文中关于“习惯”的比喻义相差甚远，故排除。

24. D

[解题思路] 根据题干中的关键词Dawna Markova定位至第五段句①。该句指出，Dawna Markova认为，创新的首要条件就是对新奇事物的迷恋，即只有好奇心才能产生创新思维，故选项[D]是最符合文意的表述。同时，该选项中的curiosity和creative minds分别对应原文中的fascination with wonder和 innovation。

[干扰排除] 选项[A]是利用第一段句②setting our brains...relaxing...设置的干扰项，而relaxing mind（放松的头脑）的相关内容在Dawna Markova的表述中没有出现，故排除。本段句②we are taught...to decide...，指出我们常被教导“作决定”，并不是选项[B]所表达的创造力可以被教导和传授，故排除该选项。选项[C]可通过第五段句③to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one 排除，该句指出作出决定意味着除了一种可能性之外的其他可能都被排除了。此处并没说决断产生于新奇想法，故排除选项[C]。

25. A

[解题思路] 根据题干中的关键词Ryan’s comments和standardized testing定位至最后一段。Ryan的评论出现在本段的句②至句④；句②说标准化测试违背了美国信仰体系中人人都无所不能的原则；句③、④又说到，人们总认为一旦知道自己的擅长所在，只要不断练习即可达到优秀的境界，这种观念纯粹是谎言，它只能滋生平庸。Ryan的评论意在说明标准化测试正是基于上述的观念实施的；标准化测试过于强调分析思维模式和程式化思维模式，而忽视了对创新思维模式和协作思维模式的考查，阻碍了人们对创新的探索。可见，Ryan认为标准化测试不利于培养创新思维，而紧接Ryan的评论之后，也就是文章的结尾句说到，“这就是培养新习惯的意义所在”。由此可知，新习惯的形成可以促进创新思维的培养，由此不难推断出标准化测试阻碍了新习惯的养成。四个选项中，只有选项[A]符合这一要求，为正确选项。

[干扰排除] 选项[B]是根据末段句③中的it fosters commonness设置的干扰项，原文中说优秀在于不断强化自身的特长这一观念会滋生平庸；同时，由原文可知，标准化测试不利于人们创新思维的培养，只能令人们的思维模式越来越单一，可见选项[B]所述的“标准化测试不再强调平庸”是无从谈起的，故排除。末段句①指出，对标准化测试的推崇意味着很少有人运用自身固有的创新型和协作型思维模式；由此可知，该测试已经改变了人们固有的思维方式，故选项[C]的表述不正确。末段句②指出，标准化测试违背了美国信仰体系中的一条重要原则，选项[D]的表述与此相反，故排除。

【词汇突破】

【第一段】

relax /rI5lAks/ v [I] 缓和下来；变得轻松：His face relaxed into a smile. 他紧绷的脸舒展开来， 笑了笑。

unconscious /Qn5kCnFEs/ adj未察觉到的；不知道的：Parents are often quite unconscious of the ways in which they influence their children. 父母很多时候都没有意识到自己在哪些方面影响着孩子。

unreflecting /7QnrI5flektIN/ adj不思考的；不反省的：unreflecting impulses缺乏认真考虑的一时冲动

negative /5negEtIv/ adj否定的；表示否认的：give sb a negative answer给某人以否定的答复

implication /7ImplI5keIFn/ n [C] 含意：The implication is that no one person at the bank is responsible. 言外之意就是，没有一个银行职员是有责任感的。

【第二段】

paradoxical /7pArE5dCksIkl/ adj似是而非的；自相矛盾的：It seems paradoxical to make weapons in order to maintain peace. 为了维持和平而制造武器，似乎自相矛盾。

context /5kRntekst/ n [C] 环境；背景：His decision can only be understood in context. 只有在一定的背景下才能够理解他的决定。

parallel /5pArElel/ adj平行的；相同的；类似的：The railway is parallel with the canal. 那条铁路与运河平行。

train of thought 思路：The phone interrupted my train of thought. 电话铃声打断了我的思路。

innovative /5InEveItIv/ adj新颖的；创新的：an innovative approach to language teaching新颖的语言教学方法

track /trAk/ n[C] 痕迹；车辙：He followed the tracks made by the police cars in the snow. 他一路追踪警车在雪地上留下的车辙。

【第三段】

rather than sth / doing sth而不是：I think you’d call it a lecture rather than a talk. 我说啊，这是训斥，不是谈话。

dismiss /dIs5mIs/ v [T]拒绝考虑；否认：He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. 他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，拒绝考虑。

inherently /In5hIErEntli/ adv内在地；固有地：Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation. 消防灭火本身是个非常危险的职业。

【第四段】

bother /5bCTE(r)/ v [I] 费心；麻烦：Many young people didn’t bother voting. 许多年轻人都不愿意投票。

kill off sth使（某物）彻底停止；使（某物）完全根除：These figures kill off any hope that the economy is poised for recovery. 这些数据彻底粉碎了经济将要复苏的希望。

rut /rQt/ n [C] 车辙：My bike bumped over the ruts. 我的自行车在凹凸不平的车辙道上颠颠簸簸。

deliberate /dI5lIbErEt/ adj故意的；有意的：The attack on him was quite deliberate. 对他的袭击完全是有预谋的。

bypass /5baIpB:s/ v [T] 绕过；绕开：We managed to bypass the shopping centre by taking side-streets. 我们尽量走小路以绕过购物中心区。

【第五段】

fascination /7fAsI5neIFn/ n [C] 着迷；入迷：He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport. 他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。

explore /Ik5splR:(r)/ v [T] 探索；探究：We explored several solutions to the problem. 我们探讨了几种解决该问题的方法。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

【第六段】

work through sth解决：After someone dies, it can take a long time to work through your grief. 有人去世之后，人们可能需要很长时间才能从悲伤中恢复。

unaware /7QnE5weE(r)/ adj不知道的；没察觉到的：He was unaware of my presence. 他没有意识到我的出现。

approach /E5prEUtF/ v [T]对付；处理：It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way. 也许可以用另外一种方式来处理这个问题。

collaboratively /kE5lAbEreItIvli/ adj合作地；协作地：to develop collaboratively协作开发

shut sth down；shut down sth 关闭；使停止运转：The company plans to shut down four factories and cut 10,000 jobs. 公司计划关闭四个工厂，削减一万个工作岗位。

preserve /prI5z\:v/ v [T] 保留；保存：Few of the early manuscripts have been preserved. 早期的手稿保存下来的不多。

or so大约：Mr. Brown will be back in a day or so. 布朗先生大概一天后回来。

【第七段】

perpetuate /pE5petFueIt/ v [T] 使……永久；使……持续下去：Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at sport than girls. 学校往往会助长男孩比女孩更加擅长体育这一错误观念的延续。

foster /5fCstE(r)/ v [T] 培育；助长；促进：Appropriate praise helps a child foster a sense of self-worth. 适当表扬有助于树立孩子的自尊心。

come in成为可用：New weather information just came in. 新的气象信息刚刚发布。

【选项词汇】

characterize /5kArEktEraIz/ v [T] 具有……的特征；以……为特征：A mister is characterized by greed. 守财奴的特点是贪婪。

casual /5kAVUEl/ adj偶然的；不经意的：a casual remark 漫不经心的话

mechanical /mI5kAnIkl/ adj机械的；呆板的： He was asked the same question so many times that the answer became mechanical. 他被多次问到同样的问题，所以他的回答都变得机械起来。

predict /prI5dIkt/ v [T] 预料；预测：It is difficult to predict what the long-term effects of the accident will be. 很难预料这次事故的长远影响。

regulate /5regjuleIt/ v [T] 控制；管理：strict rules regulating the use of chemicals in food规范使用食品添加剂的严格规定

trace /treIs/ v [T] 探索……的发展； 追寻……的踪迹： Her book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women. 她的这本书探索男女之间关系的变化。

series /5sIEri:z/ n [C] 一系列；一连串：a series of laws against discrimination一系列反对歧视的法律

derive /dI5raIv/ v [T] 源自；源于：This word is derived from Latin. 这个词来源于拉丁文。

fantastic /fAn5tAstIk/ adj奇异的：a fantastic scheme 异想天开的计划

activate /5AktIveIt/ v [T] 使活跃；激活：activate someone’s enthusiasm触发某人的热情

maintain /meIn5teIn/ v [T] 保持；维持：The hotel prides itself on maintaining high standards.这家酒店以保持高标准而自豪。

comply /kEm5plaI/ v [T] 遵守；符合：All second-hand furniture must comply with the new regulations. 所有的二手家具都必须符合新规定。

【句式分析】

① But   brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new

 连接词      主语          谓语                   时间状语从句

habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump

                   宾语从句                            定语从句

our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

定语从句

该句是一个主从复合句，从句中又包含了一个时间状语从句和一个定语从句。主句是主谓宾结构：researchers have discovered that...，而其后由that引导的宾语从句的主干部分也是主谓宾结构：we（主语）+ create（谓语）+ parallel paths（宾语），其后的and even entirely new brain cells作插入语，此插入语与parallel paths一起作create的并列宾语。插入语后that引导的定语从句的先行词是paths，定语从句对其限定说明。该宾语从句中还有另外一个从句，即由when引导的时间状语从句，其主干结构是：we（主语）+ consciously develop（谓语）+ new habits（宾语）。

② In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone

状语      条件状语从句                    同位语                   

—the more inherently creative we  become, both in the workplace and in our

表语       主语  系动词              状语

personal lives.

该句结构为“the +比较级……，the +比较级……”。本句的主句部分为the more inherently creative we become，而the more new things we try是条件状语从句，表示主句行为发生的条件，在该从句中，we为主语，try为谓语动词，more new things是其宾语。破折号之间的the more we step outside our comfort zone是条件状语从句的同位语，对其进行解释说明。而句末介词结构both in the workplace and in our personal lives则是主句的地点状语。

③ Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel

状语     主语            定语从句              谓语   宾语    

pathways that can bypass those old roads.

定语从句

该句是一个包含了两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句为：the new habits... create parallel pathways...，其中，主语为the new habits，谓语动词是create，宾语则为parallel pathways。habits之后是一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句。另外一个定语从句是由that引导的，对先行词pathways进行解释说明，在该从句中，关系代词that指代先行词pathways作主语，bypass 与those old roads分别为谓语动词和宾语。

④ At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity,

         时间状语                 主语   谓语         宾语      

preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the

        伴随状语                            定语从句

first decade or so of life.

定语从句

该句的主干结构是...the brain shuts down half of that capacity...，其中，主语是the brain，谓语动词是shuts down，宾语由half of that capacity充当。句首的介词短语at the end of adolescence作时间状语，接下来的however表示转折关系。主句之后的现在分词短语preserving only those modes...作伴随状语，在该状语中，存在一个由that引导的定语从句，对先行词those modes of thought进行解释说明；在该定语从句中，关系代词that指代先行词modes of thought在从句中作主语，have seemed为谓语，most valuable作表语，而during the first decade or so of life在该从句中作时间状语，短语or so表示“大概；大约”，通常放在数词之后。

【全文翻译】

①习惯是件奇怪的事情。②在不知不觉之中我们便会按习惯行事，将大脑设置为自动导航模式，轻松地进入由常规惯例带来的无意识的舒适状态。③威廉·华兹华斯在19世纪曾经说过：“不是选择而是习惯支配着不善于思考的人们。”④在不断变化的21世纪，甚至“习惯”这个词都带上了贬义色彩。

①因此，把习惯与创新和变革放在同一个背景下探讨就显得有些矛盾了。②但是大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯时，我们在脑中建立起平行的路径，甚至生成全新的脑细胞；这些路径能使我们的思路跳转到新的、具有创造性的轨道上去。

①我们不必把自己看作一成不变的习惯性生物，相反，我们可以通过有意识地培养新习惯来主动地作出改变。②实际上，无论是在职场上还是在个人生活中，我们尝试的新事物越多——离习惯的舒适区域越远——我们的内在创造力就越大。

①但是不必费力去摒弃旧有的习惯；习惯的车辙一旦印入大脑，就会永远存在。②而我们有意铭刻在脑中的新习惯会绕过旧有的道路，建立起与之平行的路径。

①《开放性思维》的作者道娜·玛克娃说：“创新的首要条件是对新奇事物的迷恋。”②她补充道：“但是我们所学的却是‘作决定’，就像我们的总统称自己为‘决策者’那样。③然而，决定意味着除了一种可能性之外的其他可能性都被排除了。④一个优秀的具有创新精神的思想家总是在探索其他多种可能性。”

①道娜·玛克娃说，我们都是在用自己浑然不觉的方式处理问题。②20世纪60年代末，研究人员发现人类生来具有四种主要的应对挑战的方法：分析的方法、程式化的方法、相关联的方法（也称协作性方法）和创新性的方法。③然而，我们的大脑在青春期末期关闭其中一半的能力，只保留在生命的前十几年中看起来最有价值的思维方式。

①目前对标准化考试的推崇强调分析的方法和程式化的方法，这意味着我们中很少再有人运用自身固有的创新型和协作型思维模式。②2006年出版的《今年我将……》一书的作者，玛克娃的商业伙伴M. J. 赖恩说：“这违背了美国信仰体系中的一条重要原则——人人都无所不能。”③“人们总是认为一旦知道自己擅长什么，只要付出更多的努力便能够造就杰出。④其实这是一个自欺的谎言，并且只会滋生平庸。”⑤这就是培养新习惯的意义所在。