1.“开门见山”式开头

　　一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。

　　① 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.

　　② 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money (时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……

　　2.回忆性开头

　　在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget(永远无法忘记)、 remember (记得)、unforgettable(难以忘怀的)、 exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad (难过的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.

　　3.疑问性开头

　　在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don't you think planting trees is …… 再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore？

　　4.倒叙式开头

　　在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It's a ... story.

　　第二：英语作文结尾四方式

　　1.自然结尾，点明主题

　　随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman (帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。

　　2.首尾呼应

　　升华主题在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.

　　3.反问结尾，引起深思

　　这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don't you think learning English is great fun?

　　4.表达祝愿，阐述愿望

　　这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.

　　另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes; I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year; I wish you have a good time等。

　　第三：作文范文

　　范文1〖题目〗根据下列第三中学八年级（3）班学生上学方式的调查表，用英语写一篇短文。不少于70 个单词。
　　上学方式：Bus——Walking——Bike——Car

　　学生人数：15——10——25——0

　　〖范文〗

　　There are fifty students in Class 1, Grade 8 at Yuying Middle School. Every day they go to school in different ways. Fifteen students take buses because they live far from the school. Ten students walk. They think walking is good for their health and they live near the school. Twenty-five students ride their bikes to school because they like riding bikes very much and their homes are not very far from the school. No one goes to school by car

　　范文2〖题目〗假如你是Li Tao，请根据昨天的情况写一篇60词左右的日记。

　　早上感到头疼，老打喷嚏(sneeze)，妈妈带你去医院，医生检查了一下并问了一些情况，最后给你开了一些药并让你好好休息。第二天你觉得好多了。

　　〖范文〗

　　Wednesday, October 12th, 2009

　　I felt terrible yesterday morning. My mother took me to the hospital. “What's your trouble, little boy?” the doctor asked. “I can't stop sneezing and I have a headache. ” “When did it start?” “This morning. ” “Open your mouth and say ‘Ah’. ” My mother was worried and asked the doctor, “What's the matter with him?” “He has a bad cold, but it's nothing serious. ” the doctor said. Then the doctor let me take some medicine. He asked me to stay in bed and have a good rest. 

　　I feel better after taking the medicine.

　　范文4〖题目〗一些英国朋友要来参加你们班举行的英语晚会。作为主持人，你需要用英语准备一份60-80个词的欢迎辞。包括以下英文提示的内容（开头已给出）：

　　1. the number of students (boys 32, girls 28)

　　2. What do you think of English?

　　3. How do you learn English in your free time (magazines, TV, radio, etc)?

　　4. Your English programs (plays, songs, etc).

　　5. ending（结束语）

　　〖范文〗

　　Good evening! Ladies and gentlemen,

　　Welcome to our class and welcome to our English Evening.

　　First of all, let me say a few words about our class. There are 60 students in our class. 32 of us are boys and the others are girls. Most of us like English and study hard at it. In our free time we often read English books, newspapers and magazines. Sometimes we learn English on the radio and sometimes on TV.

　　This evening you'll enjoy some short plays, songs, dances and so on by our classmates.

　　I hope you'll like these programs and have a good time.

　　Thank you!

　　范文4〖题目〗Tony作为中外文化交流的使者，从加拿大来到北京参加了一个月的“体验中国”活动。现在，他想写封信将在这里的学习和生活情况告诉远方的父母。请你根据以下提示，帮助Tony完成这封信。

　　提示：

　　1.与中国学生相互学习，相互交流，周末参加体育活动;

　　2.游览北京的名胜古迹，观看京剧(Peking Opera), 品尝美食, 了解中国历史;

　　3.喜欢这里的生活。

　　要求：1.语言规范，字迹工整。

　　2.词数在60-80之间；开头与结尾部分已给出，不计入总词数。

　　〖范文〗

　　Dear Dad and Mom,

　　How is it going? I hope you are in good health. I enjoyed living in Beijing very much. I studied and communicated culture with Chinese students. At the weekends, I played different kinds of sports. Last week I visited many places of interest in Beijing, and I saw Peking Opera yesterday. I enjoyed delicious food here and learned a lot about Chinese history. Hope to see you soon. 

　　Yours, Tony

　　Tony